ECOLOGY OF SEAWEED
Two particular environmental factors are paramount in seaweed ecology. These include the occurrence of seawater (or at least brackish water) and the availability of adequate light to facilitate photosynthesis. A frequent necessity is a solid anchor point. Consequently, seaweeds typically live in the littoral zone, and within that area, they are more often found on rocky shores than on sandy or shingle beaches. Seaweeds inhabit numerous ecological niches. The highest point is just touched by the tips of sea spray, while the lowest extends several meters down. In certain regions, coastal seaweeds can stretch several miles into the ocean. In these instances, the key constraint is the availability of sunlight. The deepest dwelling seaweeds consist of certain varieties of red algae.
Several species, including Sargassum, have evolved to occupy a completely planktonic role and float freely, relying on gas-filled bladders to sustain an appropriate depth.
Some have adjusted to thrive in tidal rock pools. In this environment, seaweeds must endure quickly fluctuating temperatures and salinity, as well as periodic desiccation.
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